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Shaolin Temples of China
The Shaolin temple has many legends and mysteries surround it. The origin of martial arts, the origin of kung fu surround the vague mysteries of the Shaolin Temple and the shaolin monks.
Shaolin Temple is probably the most famous temple in China, not only because of its long history and its role in Chinese Buddhism, but also because of its martial arts or Wushu Chan. Shaolin Temple is situated in the beautiful Songshan Mountains, which is only eight miles of Dengfeng and about 50 miles southwest of Zhengzhou, the capital of Henan Province.
Shaolin Temple was established in 495 during the Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534). Batuo, an Indian monk, came to Luoyang, the ancient capital, for spreading Buddhism at that period. Emperor Xiaowen was a believer of Buddhism so he decided to build the temple in the Songshan Mountains to house Batuo, who translated many Buddhist works and had a few hundred followers there.
Shaolin Monks
Damo (Bodhidharma), the legendary Indian monk, came to Shaolin in 517, who was the creator of Chinese Zen. There are many legendary stories about him. One of the well-known stories says he was meditating in a cave for nine years. The cave is now called Damo Cave. Many people believe he wrote the famous 'Yijinjing,' the base of Shaolin martial arts or Gongfu. But there is no record about the book before and during the Tang Dynasty (618-907) so experts think Damo has little to do with Shaolin Gongfu. Zongheng, a Taoist priest of Tiantai Mountain, wrote 'Yijinjing' in 1624, but to add mystery to it, he made up a story saying 'Yijinjing' was originally written by Damo.
Shaolin does have a long tradition of Chinese martial arts, as the saying goes 'All martial arts (gongfu) are from Shaolin.' This is partly because Shaolin was located in a strategic area so they had to protect the temple themselves from wars or any invading, and partly because of the support of most emperors from different dynasties, which came after the 13 Shaolin monks once saved Li Shimin, the emperor of the Tang Dynasty (618-907). Since then Shaolin was allowed to have solider-monks. During the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), Shaolin housed over 1,000 solder-monks at its peak and they were often used by the government to combat rebellions and Japanese bandits. But martial arts were forbidden during the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). Even with the protection of solder-monks, Shaolin was severely damaged by fire a few times. The largest fire set by the army of Shi Yousan in 1928 destroyed most of the buildings of Shaolin Temple.
There are many noted relics at Shaolin. There are over 300 ancient stone inscriptions, some of them by famous calligraphers. The large mural of 500 arhats in the Qianfo Hall was from the Ming Dynasty. There are 232 pagodas from different dynasties, known as the forest of pagodas. The oldest one was from the Tang Dynasty. The pagodas are the tombs of the celebrated Shaolin monks. The Shaolin martial arts are an important part of the relics.
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1.一个来到中国洛阳传授佛经的印度僧徒 Batuo,有关他的介绍我不太清楚.请问他的名字中文翻译叫什么 ?
2.宗横是谁?
3. 13名和尚为什么要救李世民的原因和背景.
4. chinese zeng 是什么意思?
关于英文地址翻译
龙门石窟的传说 相传远古时期，洛阳南面有一大片烟波浩淼的湖水，周围青山苍翠，芳草萋萋。人们在山上放牧，在湖里打鱼，过着平静的生活。村里有个勤劳的孩子，天天到山上牧羊，常常听到从地下传出“开不开”的奇怪声音，回到家，便把这件事告诉给母亲。母亲想了想，便告诉他，如果再听到的话就回答：“开!”谁知一声未了，天崩地裂，龙门山倾刻从中间裂开，汹涌的湖水从裂口倾出，奔腾咆哮地绕过洛阳城，一泻千里流向东海。水流之后，无数清泉从山崖石罅中迸出，蓄为芳池，泻为飞瀑。两山的崖壁上则出现了无数蜂窝似的窟隆，窟隆内影影绰绰全是石像，有的眉清目秀，有的轮廓不清，千姿百态，蔚为奇观。从此，龙门石窟便名扬天下了。 其实，龙门石窟的产生自有其历史缘由，但这则神话传说，却反映了古代劳动人民丰富的想象力，也赞美了龙门石窟巧夺天工，精妙绝伦的雕刻艺术。 龙门位于洛阳市南13公里处的伊水河畔。这里两山对峙，伊水中流，状若门阙，因而古称“伊阙”。诗人们留下的“中断若天劈，凿山导伊流”、“峥嵘两山门，共扼一水秀”诗句，是极好的写照。又因地处隋唐“龙庭”所在都城的正南，故亦称“龙门”。唐代诗人白居易曾这样评价：“洛都四郊山水之胜，龙门首焉”。自古以来，“龙门山色”被誉为洛阳八大景之首，是洛阳最好的风景区。伊阙自古以来就是交通要道和兵家必争之地，也是古时洛阳南面的门户和屏障。 ，龙门石窟风景名胜区主要由龙门石窟、香山寺和白园等组成。这些景点或山青水秀，曲径通幽；或奇峰怪石，流泉飞瀑，令许多游人流连忘返。是国家级风景名胜区。 龙门石窟：龙门石窟与敦煌石窟、云冈石窟并称为中国三大石窟，1961年国务院公布为国家重点文物保护单位。 2000年11月30日已被列入联合国教科文组织世界文化遗产名录。2001年被国家旅游局评为4a级旅游区。龙门东西两山为地质史上“古生代”石灰岩，．石质坚硬，不易风化，宜于精雕细刻；又因近于魏、隋、唐帝都，为全国政治、经济，文化中心，经济发达，交通便利，山势天成，风景秀丽，气候温和，北魏、隋、唐时王朝又崇佛热衷建造石窟，佛教发展迅速，洛阳曾长期是佛事活动的中心，所以龙门造像应运而生。它开创于北魏(约公元3年)，历经东魏、西魏、北齐、北周、隋唐、北宋诸朝，其开凿时间达400余年。据不完全统计，现有佛龛2300多个，佛像11余万尊，塔70余座，碑刻题记2800余品。其中最大的佛像高达17.14米，最小仅2厘米。这些大小不一的佛龛如蜂巢一般，密布在东西两山的崖壁上，南北绵延达1000多米，数量之多，艺术水平之高，令人叹为观止。 龙门石窟艺术表现出印度文化与中国文化相融合的特点，它是北魏王朝迁都洛阳实行汉化，与魏晋洛阳和南朝地区先进而深厚的汉文化相融合、碰撞开凿而成。因此，从开创之始，就具有世俗化、中国化的趋势。而有别于西部、北部、西南部的石窟艺术。 龙门石窟—龙门的两个传说 被誉为中国古代三大石窟艺术之一的龙门石窟，位于洛阳市南约12公里处。这里香山与龙门山东西对峙，清清的伊水潺浮动中流，远远望去，犹如天然门阙，故秦汉时多称“阙塞“、“伊阙”，汉以后则以“龙门”和“伊阙”并称。 龙门山清水秀，松柏苍翠，“龙门山色”被誉为“洛阳八大景”之首。举世闻名的佛教石雕艺术杰作，就分布在伊水左右两岸的山崖间，恰似镶嵌在绿色织锦上的串串宝珠，琳琅满目。 龙门石窟的雕凿，始于北魏孝文帝迁都洛阳前后，历经东魏、西魏、北齐、北周、隋唐、北宋诸朝，其中尤以北魏和唐代最盛，大规模雕造达150多年。龙门现存窟龛2100多个，佛像10余万尊，佛塔40余座，碑刻题记2870块左右。 “龙门开不开” 洛阳南边，有两座峻峭的山峰，夹着玉带似的伊河。这个山口就是著名的游览地龙门。 传说很早以前，这两座山峰是连在一起的没有龙门，他没有伊河，只有一片连绵起伏的石头山，山上树少草多，山南是一望远际的湖泊。 在龙门山的北边，住着一个大财主，外号叫“笑面虎”。笑面虎胖得成了皮球，平时上山看自己的田地时总要让两个家丁搀扶着。不然，他一抬脚，准会失去平衡，骨骨碌碌一下滚到山底。笑面虎的脸上整天挂着笑容，可肚里整天在捣鼓着坏主意，因
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